Properties of compounds differ from their reactions. Like other compounds, ionic compounds have some specific properties. In this lesson, we will be learning about the structure and properties of ionic compounds.
Explanation
How are ionic compounds arranged?
Ionic compounds are arranged in a giant lattice structure. It's a three dimensional network of cations and anions. They are held together by their strong electrostatic forces of attraction. Opposite ions attract each other, so they are tightly packed. For example, in sodium chloride there are 6 sodium ions surrounded by 6 chloride ions. Hence, the formula deduced is NaCl. Their ratio is 1:1.
Physical properties of these compounds:
They have high melting and boiling points. Because of their attractive forces, more energy is required to break their bonds in order to change their state. As they have high melting and boiling points so they are non volatile, solids at room temperature.
Ionic compounds are soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. Polar dissolves in polar. Ionic compounds are polar so they dissolve in water. Water is able to break their forces of attraction. On the other hand, organic solvents are unable to break down the compounds. However, some compounds, like silver chloride and barium sulfate, are insoluble in water.
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in all states except solid. In molten and aqueous state, free moving ions are present which conducts the electricity. However, there are no free ions in solid state as they are held together in a lattice structure. Hence, solid compounds cannot conduct electricity.
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